The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life - An Overview

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life - An Overview The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life is a book that was distributed in the U.S. in 1959, composed by sociologist Erving Goffman. In it, Goffman utilizes the symbolism of theater so as to depict the subtleties and importance of eye to eye social communication. Goffman advances a hypothesis of social connection that he alludes to as the dramaturgical model of public activity. As per Goffman, social association might be compared to a theater, and individuals in regular daily existence to on-screen characters on a phase, each assuming an assortment of jobs. The crowd comprises of others who watch the pretending and respond to the exhibitions. In social communication, as in dramatic exhibitions, there isâ a front stage area where the on-screen characters are on stageâ beforeâ an crowd, and their cognizance of that crowd and the crowds desires for the job they should play impact the on-screen characters conduct. There is likewise a back district, or behind the stage, where people can unwind, act naturally, and the job or character that they play when they are before others. Key to the book and Goffmans hypothesis is the possibility that individuals, as they connect together in social settings, are continually occupied with the procedure of impression the board, wherein each attempts to introduce themselves and carry on such that will forestall theâ embarrassment of themselves or others. This is basically done by every individual that is a piece of the cooperation attempting to guarantee that all gatherings have a similar meaning of the circumstance, implying that all comprehend what is intended to occur in that circumstance, what's in store from the others in question, and in this way how they themselves ought to carry on. Despite the fact that composed over 50 years ago, The Presentation of Self in Everday Lifeâ remains one of the most acclaimed and generally encouraged humanism books, which was recorded as the tenth most significant social science book of the twentieth century by the International Sociological Association in 1998. Execution Goffman utilizes the term ‘performance’ to allude to all the action of a person before a specific arrangement of eyewitnesses, or crowd. Through this presentation, the individual, or entertainer, offers importance to themselves, to other people, and to their circumstance. These exhibitions convey impressions to other people, which communicatesâ information that affirms the character of the entertainer in that circumstance. The on-screen character could possibly know about their presentation or have a goal for their exhibition, be that as it may, the crowd is continually crediting significance to it and to the entertainer. Setting The setting for the presentation incorporates the landscape, props, and area in which the communication happens. Various settings will have various crowds and will in this way require the on-screen character to change his exhibitions for each setting. Appearance Appearance capacities to depict to the crowd the performer’s social statuses. Appearance likewise lets us know of the individual’s impermanent social state or job, for instance, regardless of whether he is participating in work (by wearing a uniform), casual amusement, or a conventional social action. Here, dress and props serve to convey things that have socially credited importance, similar to sexual orientation, status, occupation, age, and individual duties. Way Way alludes to how the individual assumes the job and capacities to caution the crowd of how the entertainer will act or look to act in aâ role (for instance, prevailing, forceful, responsive, and so on.). Irregularity and logical inconsistency among appearance and way may happen and will befuddle and agitate a crowd of people. This can occur, for instance, when one doesn't present himself or carry on as per his apparent economic wellbeing or position. Front The actor’s front, as marked by Goffman, is the piece of the individual’s execution which capacities to characterize the circumstance for the crowd. It is the picture or impression the person radiates to the crowd. A social front can likewise be thought of like a content. Certain social contents will in general become systematized as far as the generalized desires it contains. Certain circumstances or situations have social contents that propose how the entertainer ought to act or connect in that circumstance. On the off chance that the individual takes on an undertaking or job that is different to him, the individual may find that there are as of now a few entrenched fronts among which he should pick. As indicated by Goffman, when an undertaking is given another front or content, we once in a while find that the content itself is totally new. People ordinarily use pre-built up contents to follow for new circumstances, regardless of whether it isn't totally proper or wa nted for that circumstance. Front Stage, Back Stage, and Off Stage In stage show, as in ordinary communications, as indicated by Goffman, there are three districts, each with various impacts on an individual’s execution: front stage, behind the stage, and off-stage. The front stage is the place the on-screen character officially performs and sticks to shows that have particularâ meaning for the crowd. The entertainer knows the person in question is being watched and acts as needs be. When in the backstageâ region, the on-screen character may carry on uniquely in contrast to when before the crowd on the front stage. This is the place the individual genuinely gets the opportunity to act naturally and dispose of the jobs that she plays when she is before others. At long last, the off-stage district is the place singular entertainers meet the crowd individuals freely of the group execution on the front stage. Explicit exhibitions might be given when the crowd is sectioned in that capacity.

Compare and contrast the movie and poem Howl Essay

Investigate the film and sonnet Howl - Essay Example In this article, an endeavor is being made to look into the sonnet ‘Howl’ against the film by a similar name and break down the complexities and similitudes found in both these media. The speaker clarifies in the principal area of how he was a pitiful observer to the annihilation caused to some of â€Å"the best minds† in the age during which he lived, along these lines resuscitating the Beatnik period by and by. Following the wild time of Rock and Roll, they were simply the first to start and separate from the organized post-war years. Tailing them was the period of Hippies, Woodstock and the rest that came behind. (Roger Ebert, 2010) The youthful age was essentially Ginsberg’s crowd since they had the option to recognize themselves with it, since the sonnet was fit for contacting the internal center of their being. A genuine case of this can be found in the initial lines of the sonnet which says †In any case, ‘Howl’ the film brings out an increasingly offset and genuine introduction with a progressively young Allen Ginsberg wearing a couple of horn-rimmed displays and doesn't look anything like the ‘angel-head hipster’ (Allen Ginsberg, 1955, p.1) pulverized by frenzy. Furtively, he nurtured a craving to be one, yet by one way or another couldn’t force himself to uncover the mystery he had inside his heart. Be that as it may, in the film ‘Howl’, he hesitantly unveils that he didn't wish to distribute his sonnet, since he didn't need his dad to discover the mystery, which was his homosexuality. Loot Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman, the author chiefs of the film ‘Howl’ considered the new Beat scene with its smoky cafés, where the perusing of verse was very normal. James Franco plays Ginsberg with due fastidiousness and limitation and is appeared in a 1955 café perusing the sonnet, as smoke wraps the crowd, giving the scene an extremely credible intrigue. Another significant

How Vacations Can Affect Your Stress Levels

How Vacations Can Affect Your Stress Levels Stress Management Job Stress Print How Vacations Can Affect Your Stress Levels By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 10, 2020 Kraig Scarbinsky/Photodisc/Getty Images More in Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Many people don’t take vacations often enough. In fact, according to a poll on this site, around half of those responding dont take annual vacations; in fact, many never take them! And now with increasing frequency, when we do take vacations, we often bring work along with us, keeping ourselves essentially still in the work mindset we’re trying to escape. This is unfortunate for several reasons. Promote Creativity A good vacation can help us to reconnect with ourselves, operating as a vehicle for self-discovery and helping us get back to feeling our best. Stave off Burnout Workers who take regular time to relax are less likely to experience burnout, making them more creative and productive than their overworked, under-rested counterparts. Can Keep You Healthy Taking regular time off to ‘recharge your batteries’, thereby keeping stress levels lower, can keep you healthier. Promote Overall Wellbeing One study found that three days after vacation, subjects physical complaints, their quality of sleep and mood had improved as compared to before vacation. These gains were still present five weeks later, especially in those who had the more personal time and overall satisfaction during their vacations. Can Strengthen Bonds Spending time enjoying life with loved ones can keep relationships strong, helping you enjoy the good times more and helping you through the stress of the hard times. In fact, a study by the Arizona Department of Health and Human Services found that women who took vacations were more satisfied with their marriages. Can Help With Your Job Performance As the authors of the above study suggest, the psychological benefits that come with more frequent vacations lead to increased quality of life, and that can lead to increased quality of work on the job. Vacations Relieve Stress in Lasting Ways It should come as no surprise that vacations that include plenty of free time bring stress relief, but research shows that a good vacation can lead to the experience of fewer stressful days at least five weeks later! That means that vacations are the gift to yourself that keeps on giving. The bottom line is that taking a good amount of time away from the stresses of daily life can give us the break we need so that we can return to our lives refreshed and better equipped to handle whatever comes. While not everyone is able to take a vacation, for those who can take several days or a few weeks off for a trip, even a short respite can be restorative. One study showed that a four-day long weekend vacation had positive effects on well-being, recovery, strain, and perceived stress for as long as 45 days. While the reduction in strain was greater for those who spent the vacation away from home, the other effects were similar for those who stayed home. For those who don’t have the time or money to take a ‘formal’ vacation, you can look into cheap vacations and creative ideas on how to get a nice break for less. And dont forget the option of taking a stay-cation or play-cation, too. How to Take a Break From Work (and Why You Need It)

Business Administration Starting your Own Business

Small businesses are on a rise in America. May’s Business School at Texas AM offers multiple business degrees for anyone that would want to start their own business. One degree that would be helpful in starting your own business would be a Bachelors in Business Administration (BBA) degree that can be taken at May’s Business school at Texas AM. The type of business that sounds interesting to start would be a hunting and fishing outfitter, like Cabela’s or Bass Pro Shop. Hands on experience with hunting and fishing and other outdoor experiences along with this type of degree would allow a greater range in expertise and insights with running a small business. A Bachelors in Business Administration from the May’s Business School at Texas AM would provide the educational foundation for starting a small business and the personal experiences of hunting and fishing would be a great help in starting and running a successful hunting and fishing outfitter business. When a student is considering a college, the student needs to consider the cost of tuition and other financial expenses. Texas AM is a mid range college in terms of expenses. Texas AM does require high grades and high-test scores, and their admission rate is a little over half of those who apply. Tuition at Texas AM for undergraduate students is $9,006 for the fall and spring for residents of Texas. For non-residents the tuition is $25,625 per year. The additional expenses, on average, at Texas AM is $12,575.ThesesShow MoreRelatedEssay Financing a Small Business1539 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone who identifies a business opportunity and assumes the risk of creating and running a business to take advantage of it. Two important characteristics of a businessperson are risk-taking and innovation. The most common reasons for starting a business according to the Small Business Administration are: to be your own boss, to accommodate a desired lifestyle, to achieve financial independence, to enjoy creative freedom, and finally to use knowledge or skills. Starting a business can be exhilaratingRead MoreIntelligence into Success1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdream and often fathom about starting their own small business. Becoming a successful entrepreneur has been part of the American dream since the early 1800‘s. In addition to giving a person the ability to make his or her own decisions, business ownership opens the gateway to financial independence, creative freedom, and more time to spend with family (Smallbusiness.com). Nevertheless, how hard would it be to start a small business and be victorious? â€Å"Starting a business involves planning, making keyRead MoreThe Importance of Entrepreneurship Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesEntrepreneurship Term Paper â€Å"Entrepreneur is defined as a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to make money.† (Merriam-Webster.com) Since before the Great Recession, economists have recognized how important entrepreneurship is to the health of the U.S. economy. (Strangler) â€Å"There are four benefits to the U.S. from entrepreneurs risk-filled but successful efforts. Entrepreneurs (1) use innovations to improve the quality of life, (2) create new jobs, (3) improveRead MoreEssay about FIN/571 Business Structure Advice833 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Business Structure Advice FIN/571 December 12, 2013 Business Structure Advice From: Beverly Mahone Sent: December 2, 2012 To: John Owner CC: Subject: Advice in starting your business John, when starting a business one has several options in the type of business structure to use. The different types of business structures are the sole proprietorship structure, the partnership structure, the corporation structure, the S corporation structure, and the limited liabilityRead MoreA Brief Note On Start A Successful Business1170 Words   |  5 PagesSuccessful Business Have you ever thought about starting a business? Millions of Americans do. This is your guide on how to begin. Through the implementation of a business plan along with thorough market research, you will gain the sustainability needed to begin a business. These techniques have been tested by those in the business and are backed up by extensive research. This paper will not only help others on their journey to starting a business, but myself as well. I hope to one day open my own businessRead MoreBusiness Administration : Becoming A Leader1088 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Administration Being in business administration you ask yourself a lot of question. The first question you may ask is, was I born a leader? Then, what does a business administrator do? What career path can I take in business administration? Here is what you will need to do and take to get your degrees in business administration. Business administration is a wide field that incorporates types of management positions. Every position needs skilled administrators in order to succeed. MotivatedRead MoreForms Of Businesses By Edgar Llamas1474 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Llamas Business 101-30D September, 21 2014 â€Æ' Opening a business might seem like a difficult task to achieve. With many different forms, how is one to decide which is the best? People cannot start any type of businesses without know the five basic forms of businesses in the world. Whether it is to be your own boss, or to partner up with another person. It is an essential to know all the facts about each type before opening up a business. It is critical knowing what each form of business is, theRead MoreWorking For A Business Or Starting A New One Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Working for a business or starting a new one â€Å"is a debatable issue that has been raging for many decades, with no end in sight. In the simplest form some people don’t prefer to be controlled by someone or routine work and some others can accept that! They don’t prefer to take a risk of starting their own businesses. Opposers suggest that you ll actually consider the beginning of your startup to a greater extent a side interest than a living, and you ll be less inspired to sustain it to realizationRead MoreMy Personal Statement On My Life1192 Words   |  5 Pagescareer that connects with your own passions and values, yet the twists of life can lead a person to abandon those dreams in order to be able to provide for themselves and their families. I am one of the lucky individuals who found support within my family to pursue what I really want. For me that dream is to one day establish my own business that helps bring exposure to the foods and culture of my birthplace. Starting a business to me is freedom, the freedom to make your own decisions. I personallyRead MoreUnited States Marine Corps ( Usmc ) Base Of Military Bases Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesgear. Take your time and take care of business. I know we all want to go out and have a drink with friends or sit in your room and relax but taking one night to clean your gear is not going to cause you too much pain and suffering. If you don t want a SNCOIC or Officer in your business take care of business on your own† (n.d.). The stress of making sure everything is accounted for and clean could be avoided by someone offering a service to do it. That is the business that I will be starting in Jacksonville

A Guide to French Words for Beverages

Its no secret that the French love to eat and drink. By learning the vocabulary for common beverages and food, youll develop a deeper appreciation for this tasty aspect of French culture and make sure you never go hungry while traveling. This guides some of the most common words and phrases associated with eating and drinking, as well as links to sound files to practice your pronunciation.   Vocabulary   There are a handful of verbs youll use frequently when discussing food and drink, including  avoir  (to have),  boire  (to drink),  prendre  (to take), and  vouloir  (to want). If youre a true foodie, you may also want to learn more about how to talk about wine and coffee in French. À la và ´tre!  Ã‚  Cheers! To your health!avoir soif  Ã‚  to be thirstyune boisson   drink, beverageun apà ©ritif, un apà ©ro (informal) cocktail, before-dinner drinkune bià ¨re   beerune boisson gazeuse   soda, pop, soft drinkun cafà ©Ã‚   coffee, espressole champagne   champagneun chocolat (chaud)   hot chocolateun cidre   hard ciderun citron pressà ©Ã‚   lemonadeun digestif   after-dinner drinkleau   watereau du robinet   tap watereau plate   still / plain watereau gazeuse   sparkling / mineral waterun express   espressoune infusion   herbal teale jus   juicele lait   milkune limonade   lemon soda (like Sprite or 7-Up)un pastis   anise-flavored apà ©ritifune pression   beer on taple thà ©Ã‚   teale thà © glacà ©Ã‚   iced teaune tisane   herbal teale vin  Ã‚  Ã‚  winela  gueule  de  bois   hangover​

The Hollow Men Analysis Free Essays

â€Å"We are the Hollow Men, We are the stuffed men† In this poem by T. S. Elliot, he uses symbolism, mixed with a quick tempo at the beginning, moving to a slower one at the end to describe how a man’s life generally goes by. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hollow Men Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the early stages of a man’s life, he is constantly being filled with information and qualities that society deems necessary and desirable. He will spend no time dwelling on the innermost insecurities that we, as humans, all have. He is a Hollow Man. As we go through the motions of life, we rarely spend time in our early years to contemplate and delve into the insecurities and emotions, the thoughts and feelings that make us who we are. We are content being ignorant to the deeper things; the things that make us think about the greater workings of the Universe, and the smaller workings of ourselves. We know those things exist; we simply don’t want to hear them, because, as we’ve all heard at one time or another, ignorance is bliss. â€Å"Eyes I dare not meet in dreams† As we move further into the journey of life, we begin to understand that something is missing. We begin to come to the realization that there are things about ourselves we don’t want to know. We are ashamed that we have gone this long, and have not sought out the greater meaning we inherently know is there. We know we’ve done wrong, but don’t want to face it. We fear what we will discover about ourselves. It is easier to look in a mirror and see your reflection just as being your reflection, and not contemplate the person you see. It is easy to say â€Å"This person has blonde hair, blue eyes, and pale skin. † It is difficult to say â€Å"This person has feelings, beliefs, insecurities, and a deeper meaning. â€Å"At the hour when we are Trembling with tenderness Lips that would kiss Form prayers to broken stone. † This stanza represents how at the end, we know that our lives of passion, where we have done nothing for a greater purpose than for our own personal comfort and entertainment, were insignificant. We know, maybe for the first time, that there was more to living than just existing. We know that we are nothing, and that we have nothing. We know that we are coming to the end, and we are willing to do anything to keep that end from coming. We pray, and beg, and plead, just wanting a chance to have done something truly worthwhile. â€Å"This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends Not with a bang, but a whimper. † When that final end comes, it will not be in some grand event of chaos and hellfire, It will be much worse. It will be a personal revelation that what you have done did not matter. It will come as a quiet, internal battle, with nobody there to console you but yourself. You will have to face your life with a new sense of understanding that only comes with the end. How to cite The Hollow Men Analysis, Papers

Discussion about decision making of accounting for business

Questions: 1. Decision Making Mario has been on an extreme fishing holiday in South Africa and has come back to Australia keen to start up a fishing charter company on the Yorke Peninsula. He is looking to make as much profit as possible, while working for himself and doing something he really loves. Mario doesnt think that it will provide a stable income throughout the year so in addition to the fishing charter business he is also considering running an online business selling fishing rods.. After spending a great deal of his savings on his fantastic extreme fishing holiday in South Africa he only has $70,000 left and $50,000 of this will be used to set up his fishing charter business. The remaining amount he will use to set up his online business selling fishing rods with any money left over to be deposited in a bank account yielding 6% per annum. On chatting with a friend of his who also runs an online business he has determined that he is going to have to spend $4,500 to set up his website and invest a further $5,000 in fishing rod inventory. Mario will attend caravan and camping events to promote both of his businesses. After considerable research Mario has determined that he wants to sell two types of fishing rods. He wants to stock one fishing rod suitable for big game fishing in deep waters from a boat and one light weight fishing rod suitable for fishing from a beach. Mario will sell each fishing rod as a complete package, with each package consisting of three parts - a fishing rod, a reel and fishing line. Mario has undertaken some market research and has decided on the Big Game Shimaro fishing rod for big game fishing but has not yet decided on which of two possible light weight beach fishing rods he is going to sell. He has made the following estimates regarding the costs associated with each fishing rod: Big Game Fishing Rods: Big Game Shimaro Components Cost per Fishing Rod ($) Fishing Rods 54 Reel 95 Fishing Line 15 Light Weight Beach Fishing Rods: Light Game Rovex Light Game Okuma Components Cost per Fishing Rod ($) Cost per Fishing Rod ($) Fishing Rods 32 20 Reel 30 28 Fishing Line 7 7 Mario has investigated how much these fishing rods are being sold for online by other retailers as well as how much they are being sold for in a shop front retail outlet. He also chats regularly online with various fishing enthusiast groups and has gathered a great deal of information about what prices people are willing to pay for various fishing rods. Mario has determine that he could sell the Big Game Shimaro for $328, the Light Game Rovex for $189 and the Light Game Okuma for $250. Mario has estimated that the Big Game Shimaro has a 45% chance of selling 450 fishing rods per month and a 55% chance of selling 300 fishing rods per month. In addition he has estimated that if he purchases the Light Game Rovex fishing rod he has a 68% chance of selling 500 fishing rods and a 32% chance of selling 250 fishing rods per month. Alternatively if he purchases the Light Game Okuma fishing rod he has a 70% chance of selling 466 fishing rods and a 30% chance of selling 280 fishing rods per month. After discussing his plan to set up an online fishing rod business with the fishing rod manufacturer, the manufacturer offered the following bonus of free Big Game Shimaro fishing rods if the total quantity of fishing rods (Big Game Shimaro and Light weight beach fishing rods) ordered exceeds a certain quantity in a month (as detailed in the table below). The estimated quantities calculated using the probabilities above will be used to determine the number of free bonus fishing rods. These fishing rods can be sold for the full retail price of $328. Quantity of Order Number of free Bonus fishing rods 775 1 780 2 785 3 790 4 795 5 800 6 805 7 Required: Using the decision making model studied in topic 1 of this unit, explain which overall combination of fishing rods Mario should purchase. Ignore taxation in your advice. Please use the headings below to structure your answer. Show all calculations. 2. Journal entries, posting to ledger and trial balance The following transactions were recorded in the journal of the Crazy Cuts hairdressing salon owned by George during the first month of operations ending 30st June 2014 (ignore GST). June 1 George commenced business by opening up a bank account for the business using $32,000 of his own money. June 3 The business purchased $7,500 worth of shop fittings paying $2,000 with a short-term loan and the balance from the business cash account. June 6 Performed $860 worth of haircuts for cash and $120 worth of haircuts on credit. June 9 George took his wife to dinner and paid $90 from his personal bank account. June 11 Received $120 from customer for the haircut on credit on the 6th June. June 30 Electricity expense of $150 was paid by writing a cheque from the business bank account. Required: (Proformas attached)A) Prepare a journal entry to record each transaction. Ensure all entries are complete and correctly formatted including a narration (explanation) for each journal entry. The general journal of Clean as a Whistle, Window Cleaner, contained the entries below for the month of March 2014. Date Accounts Debit Credit 2014 $ $ March 1 Cash at Bank 5 200 Andy Whistle, Capital 5 200 (Cash invested by owner) 9 Fuel Expense 85 Cash at Bank 85 (fuel for business van) 16 Cash at Bank 1 000 Window Cleaning Revenue 1 000 (paid cash for cleaning clients windows) 22 Supplies 200 Accounts Payable 200 (purchased cleaning clothes and cleaning fluid on credit) 31 Accounts Receivable 180 Window Cleaning Revenue 180 (client windows washed on credit) B) Post the journal entries provided above to the ledger T accounts provided in the assignment template. Accounts with more than one entry must be footed. C)Prepare a trial balance as at 31 March 2014.D) For the journal dated 9th of March 2014, use the relevant element definitions introduced in topic 2 to explain why each of the accounts have been debited and credited. General Ledger Cash at Bank Date Item $ Date Item $ Accounts Receivable Date Item $ Date Item $ Supplies Date Item $ Date Item $ Accounts Payable Date Item $ Date Item $ Andy Whistle Capital Date Item $ Date Item $ Window Cleaning Revenue Date Item $ Date Item $ Fuel Expense Date Item $ Date Item $ _________________________ Trial balance ---------------------------------- Account Title Debit Credit A) Income Statement for the period.B) Statement of Changes in Equity for the period.C) Balance Sheet in the narrative format. 3. Preparing financial statements Sophie Fairchild decided to open Sophies Superb Curtain Making Shop on 1 March 2014. She contributed for this purpose office equipment $10 000 and a commercial van $22 000, and deposited $10 000 cash in a business bank account. On the 31st March Sophie was able to determine the following account balances and has listed them below in no particular order. Account Balance at 31st March Accounts Payable $ 500 Rent expense $ 500 Cash at Bank $ 9 260 Electricity expense $ 90 Office Equipment $ 10 000 S Fairchild, Capital $ 42 000 Office Supplies $ 620 Loan Payable $ 2 880 Accounts Receivable $ 1 820 Fuel expense $ 100 Commercial Vehicles $ 22 000 Office supplies expense $ 400 Sewing Machine $ 3 680 Wages expense $ 1 400 Drawings $ 200 Postage expense $ 20 Curtain Making revenue $ 4 710 Required: Prepare the following financial statements. Please ensure that all statements are correctly formatted. Answers: 1. Decision Making Step 1 of the Decision Making Process According to Collis, Holt Hussey (2012), the first step of a decision making process is Problem recognition. The need for a decision occurs when the decision maker realizes the problem faced. In this question Mario is facing problem determining the purchase decision of fishing rods. Since he has so many combinations of fishing rods with varying costs and varying profits hence he is confused as to which one should be purchase. Step 2 and 3 of the Decision Making Process The second and third stage of decision making process includes Information search and evaluation of alternatives (Power, 2010). Gathering of the relevant information helps in evaluation of the various alternatives and make a final decision. Mario in this case undertook suitable research and about the various types of fishing rods and the costs related to those rods. This has offered him with four choices namely Big game Shimaro rod, Light Game Rovex rod and Light Game Okuma rod. Big Game Shimaro calculation Suppose 450 fishing rods are sold per month Cost price of 450 rods (54+95+15) 164 * 450 = 73800 Sale price at 328 328 * 450 = 147600 Total profit 73800 Suppose 300 fishing rods are sold per month Cost price of 300 rods 164 *300 = 49200 Sale price at 328 300 * 328 = 98400 Profit 49200 Light Game Rovex calculation Suppose 500 rods are sold Cost price of 500 rods (32+30+7) 69 * 500 = 34500 Sales price of 500 rods 189 * 500= 94500 Profit 60000 Suppose 250 rods are sold Cost price of 250 rods (32+30+7) 69* 250 = 17250 Sales price of 250 rods 189 * 250 = 47250 Profit 300000 Light Game Okuma calculation Suppose 466 rods are sold Cost price of 466 rods (20+28+7) 55 * 466 = 25630 Sales price of 466 rods 250 * 466 = 116500 Profit 90870 Suppose 280 rods are sold Cost price of 280 rods (20+28+7) 55* 280 = 15400 Sales price of 280 rods 280 * 250 = 70000 Profit 54600 Calculation of profitability using probability percentage Average month selling of Big game Simaro : 0.45 * 450 + 0.55 * 300 = 367.5 Average month selling of Little game rovex: .68 * 500 + .32 * 250 = 420 Average month selling of light game okuma : .70 * 466 + .30* 388 = 442.6 Average month profit of Big game Simaro : 367.5 * 328 = 120540 Average month profit of little game rovex: 420 * 189 = 79380 Average month profit of light game Okuma: 442.6 * 250 = 110650 From this calculation it can be stated that the combination of Big game Simaro with the Light game okuma will yield more profit than the other combination so Mario should opt for this profitable combination. Allocation of Bonus Rods: Light Game Rovex Since the total probability of items sold is around (500+ 250) = 750 rods hence the following chart shows the allocation of bonus rods Quantity of order Number of free bonus fishing rods 775 1 780 2 785 3 790 4 795 5 800 6 805 7 Allocation of Bonus Rods: Light Game Okuma Since the total probability of items sold is around (466+280) = 746 rods hence the following chart shows the allocation of bonus rods Quantity of order Number of free bonus fishing rods 770 1 775 2 780 3 785 4 790 5 795 6 800 7 Bank Interest calculation Savings 70000 Fishing charter business set cost 50000 Money left 20000 Online business setting expenses (4500 + 5000) = 9500 Remaining amount 10500 Mario will deposit $10500 amount in bank for against a yearly interest of 6%. Hence the yearly interest will amount to around 10500 * 6% = $ 630 per annum Combine all profit streams In case Mario is taking combination of Big Game Simaro with Light Game Rovex the total profit will be: Interest income 630 Average profit of Big Game Simaro 120540 Average profit of Light Game Rovex 79380 Profit 200550 In case Mario is taking combination of Big Game Simaro with Light Game Okuma the total profit will be: Interest income 630 Average profit from Big Game Simaro 120540 Average profit from Light game okuma 110650 Profit 231820 The total profit combination shows that the second option is better than the first option. 2 A. Journal Entries, Posting To Ledger And Trial Balance In the books of Crazy Cuts Journal account for the month ended 30th June 2014 Date Accounts Debit ($) Credit ($) June 1 Bank account Dr To Capital account [Being started business by opening up of a bank account] 32,000 32,000 June 3 Purchase account Dr To Short term loan account To cash account [Being purchased shop fittings paying 2000 with a short term loan and paying the balance from business cash account] 7500 2000 5500 June 6 Hair cut sales account Dr To cash To Debtors [Being performed haircuts for cash and credit] 980 860 120 June 9 Dinner expenses account Dr To Bank account [Being paid dinner expenses of wife from personal bank account] 90 90 June 11 Debtors account Dr To Hair cut sales account [Being received the credit amount form the customer] 120 120 June 30 Electricity expenses account Dr To Bank account [Being paid electricity expenses through bank account] 150 150 In the books of Crazy Cuts Ledger accounts for the year ended 30th June 2014 Cash account Dr Cr Date Particulars amount Date Particulars Amount 3-Jun By purcahse 5500 6-Jun By Hair cut sales 860 6360 30-Jun To bal c/d 6360 6360 6360 1-Jul By bal b/d 6360 Capital account Dr Cr Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 1-Jun By Bank 32000 30-Jun To bal c/d 32000 32000 32000 1-Jul By bal b/d 32000 Bank account Dr Cr Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 1-Jun To capital 32000 9-Jun By dinner expenses 90 30-Jun By electricity expenses 150 30-Jun By bal c/d 31760 32000 32000 To bal b/d 31760 Dinner expenses account Dr Cr Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 9-Jun To bank account 90 30-Jun By bal c/d 90 90 90 1-Jul To bal b/d 90 Debtors account Dr Cr Date Particulars amount Date Particulars Amount 6-Jun To hair cut services 120 11-Jun By cash 120 120 120 Purchase account Dr Cr Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 3-Jun To short term loan 2000 To cash 5500 30-Jun by bal c/d 7500 7500 7500 1-Jul To bal b/d 7500 Short term loan Dr Cr Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 30-Jun To bal c/d 2000 3-Jun By purchase 2000 2000 2000 1-Jul By bal b/d 2000 Hair cut services account Dr Cr Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 6-Jun To cash 860 11-Jun By debtors 120 To debtors 120 30-Jun By bal c/d 860 980 980 1-Jul To bal b/d 860 Electricity expenses account Dr Cr Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 30-Jun To Bank 150 30-Jun By bal c/d 150 150 150 1-Jul To bal b/d 150 In the books of Crazy cut Trial balance as on 30th June 2014 Sl no. Name of the account Debit ($) Credit ($) 1 Cash account 6360 2 Capital account 32000 3 Bank account 31760 4 Dinner expenses account 90 5 Purchase account 7500 6 Short term loan 2000 7 Hair cut expenses account 860 8 Electricity expenses account 150 Total 40360 40360 2 B) General Ledger In the books of Clean Ledger accounts for the month ended 31 March 2014 Cash at bank Date Item $ Date Item $ 1 March To Andy Whistle, Capital 5200 9 March By Fuel expenses 85 16 March To window cleaning revenue 1000 31 March By bal c/d 6115 6200 6200 1 April To Bal b/d 6115 Accounts Receivable Date Item $ Date Item $ 31 March To bal c/d 180 31 March By window cleaning revenue 180 180 180 1 april By bal b/d 180 Supplies Date Item $ Date Item $ 22 March To accounts payable 200 31 March By bal c/d 200 200 200 1 aprl To Bal b/d 200 Accounts Payable Date Item $ Date Item $ 31 march To bal c/d 200 22 March By supplies 200 200 200 1 april By bal b/d 200 Andy Whistle Capital Date Item $ Date Item $ 31 march To bal c/d 5200 1March By cash at bank 5200 5200 5200 1 april By bal b/d 5200 Window Cleaning Revenue Date Item $ Date Item $ 31March To bal c/d 1180 16 March By cash at bank 1000 31 March By accounts receivable 180 1180 1180 1 april By bal b/d 1180 Fuel Expense Date Item $ Date Item $ 9 March To cash at bank 85 31 march By bal c/d 85 85 85 1 April To bal b/d 85 Trial balance for the month ended 31 March 2014 Account Title Debit Credit Fuel expenses 85 Window cleaning revenue 1180 Accounts payable 200 Andy whistle capital 5200 Supplies 200 Accounts receivable 180 Cash at bank 6115 Total 6580 6580 D) The journal on 9th March shows the transaction for Cash paid from bank account for fuel expenses. In this transaction it is seen that two accounts are affected namely Fuel expenses and Cash at bank. The fuel expense account is a nominal account and cash at bank is a real account. The golden rules for both accounts are:Nominal accountDr: all expenses and lossesCr: All incomes and gainsReal accountDr: what comes in Cr: What goes out Hence keeping the rules in mind the nominal account fuel expenses are debited because it I s an expense for the business and cash at bank account is credited because the cash is going out of business for the payment of the expense (Collis et al. 2012). 3. (A) In the books of Sophie Superb Curtain Income statement for the month ended 31 March 2014 Expenses amount Amount Rent expense 500 Electricity expense 90 Postage expense 20 Office supplies expenses 400 Fuel expense 100 Office supplies 620 Wages 1400 Total expenses 3130 Income amount amount Curtain making expenses 4710 Net profit 1580 (B) Statement of changes in owners equity Sophie Superb Curtain Statement of changes in owners equity Investments during the month (Owners capital) Office equipments 10000 Commercial van 22000 Cash in a business bank 10000 42000 Add: Net profit during the year 1580 43580 Less: Withdrawals (200) Net increase in owners equity 43380 (c) Balance sheet as on 31 March 2014 Balance sheet as on 31March 2014 Assets amount amount Cash at bank 9260 Office equipment 10000 Commercial vehicles 22000 Accounts receivable 1820 Sewing machine 3680 Total assets (A) 46760 Liabilities Capital 43380 Accounts payable 500 Loan payable 2880 Total liabilities 46760 4. Application Of Element Definition According to Power (2010) unearned income or more commonly known as the passive income is a type of income that the party receives by virtue of owning a property. Some of the incomes which come under unearned income areas follow: Income earned in kind support or maintenance like food and shelter Private pensions and annuities Gifts and inheritances Prize and awards Dividends and interests Rent and royalties Alimony payments in cash and kind Payments made for security purposes like jury fees, payment to agricultural workers, tipsIn the accounting terms this kind of income is considered as deferred income which means that the revenue is already collected but not yet earned in simple words advances form customers (Barnes, (2011). Under the rules of GAAP the accounting transactions are recorded on an accrual basis that is income recorded when it is earned. Hence the unearned income cannot be recorded as revenue rather it should be recorded as a liability until the time it is actually earned. Horngren et al. (2012) In the given case Jane has received advance payment of the rent of jumping castle from the client one month before the delivery of the product. Hence it is an unearned income. Since the income has not been accrued by Jane hence it will not be recorded as revenue. The recording of the income in two ways are as follows. Suppose the advance rent amount received by Jane is $2000 then under the liability method the following recording will be done.Cash account DrTo Unearned income accountThe transaction will be recorded in the following manner in income methodCash account DrTo service Income account Reference list Books Collis, J., Holt, A., Hussey, R. (2012). Business accounting. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Horngren, C., Harrison, W., Oliver, M. (2012). Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Journals Barnes, P. (2011). Creative Accounting, Fraud and International Accounting Scandals. Accounting And Business Research, 41(4), 411-412. doi:10.1080/00014788.2011.610703 Power, M. (2010). Fair value accounting, financial economics and the transformation of reliability. Accounting And Business Research, 40(3), 197-210. doi:10.1080/00014788.2010.9663394 Zeff, S. (2010). The Routledge Companion to Accounting History. Accounting, Business Financial History, 20(1), 107-112. doi:10.1080/09585200903504298